1. Judiciary
In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court introduced the "basic structure doctrine." How did this case showcase the judiciary’s role in protecting the Constitution? Analyze its impact on legislative power.
A High Court judge overturned a state law banning alcohol sales, citing violation of personal liberty. Discuss how this reflects judicial activism and the hierarchy of courts in India.
In a recent defamation case, the Supreme Court stayed a lower court’s order to jail a journalist. How does this demonstrate the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
A subordinate court delayed a property dispute case for three years due to backlog. Evaluate how this affects the judiciary’s efficiency and public trust in the system.
In Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975), the Supreme Court invalidated an election result. Assess how judicial independence influenced this controversial ruling.
2. Topics in Law
Mr. X agreed to sell his car to Ms. Y for ₹5 lakh, but later refused, claiming no written contract existed. Can Ms. Y enforce the agreement under the Indian Contract Act, 1872? Discuss.
A factory’s chemical spill harmed nearby farmers, who sued for damages under tort law. Analyze the factory’s liability for negligence and possible remedies for the farmers.
Ms. A inherited a house but discovered her uncle had illegally sold it. Under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, can she reclaim it? Explain the legal process.
A thief stole jewelry and sold it to a pawn shop. The original owner seeks its return. How does the Law of Property determine ownership rights in this case?
Mr. B assaulted his neighbor during an argument and was charged under the Indian Penal Code. Evaluate the elements of this criminal offense and potential punishment.
3. Arbitration, Tribunal Adjudication, and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Two firms in a contract dispute chose arbitration, but one rejected the arbitrator’s award, alleging bias. Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, can they challenge it? How?
A tenant-landlord dispute was settled in a Lok Adalat, but the tenant later refused to comply. Assess the enforceability of Lok Adalat decisions compared to court orders.
A company appealed a tax penalty to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, which reduced the fine. Discuss the tribunal’s role and how it differs from regular courts.
In a mediation session, a divorcing couple agreed on alimony, but the husband reneged. Can this agreement be enforced legally? Evaluate mediation’s strengths and limits.
An environmental group challenged a factory’s pollution in the National Green Tribunal (NGT). Analyze how the NGT’s adjudication process supports faster justice than traditional courts.
4. Human Rights in India
In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court expanded the meaning of Article 21. How did this case enhance the right to personal liberty? Discuss its implications.
A woman filed a complaint with the NHRC about police brutality during a protest. Evaluate the NHRC’s powers to address this human rights violation.
In Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), Section 377 was partially struck down. How did this ruling advance equality rights under Article 14? Analyze the impact.
A tribal community was displaced by a dam project without compensation. How do Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights apply to this human rights issue?
A minor was detained without trial for months. Assess how this violates child rights under the Constitution and the role of courts in protecting them.
5. Legal Profession in India
An advocate took a case but demanded extra fees mid-trial, upsetting the client. Under the Advocates Act, 1961, can the client complain to the Bar Council? Discuss the process.
A law graduate was denied enrollment due to a past misdemeanor. Does the Bar Council have the authority to reject her under its regulations? Analyze the rules.
A judge was accused of favoring a lawyer friend in a case. How does this challenge the ethical standards of the legal profession in India?
Ms. Z, an advocate, advertised her services on social media, sparking debate. Is this permissible under Bar Council norms? Evaluate the restrictions on advertising.
In a rural area, a lawyer provided free legal aid but was criticized for poor preparation. Assess the role of legal aid under Article 39A and the advocate’s responsibilities.
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