Schedules in the Indian Constitution

The schedules in the Indian Constitution contain additional details, provisions, and lists that supplement various articles and parts of the Constitution. Here's an explanation of each schedule:

1. **First Schedule (Articles 1 and 4)**: It contains the list of States and Union Territories of India, along with their territories.

2. **Second Schedule (Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), and 164(5))**: It deals with the emoluments, allowances, privileges, and other matters related to the President, Governors, Vice-President, and other officials.

3. **Third Schedule (Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188, and 219)**: It contains forms of oaths or affirmations for various constitutional posts like President, Prime Minister, Governors, Ministers, Judges, etc.

4. **Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2))**: It allocates seats for the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) to each State and Union Territory.

5. **Fifth Schedule (Articles 244(1) and 275(1))**: It deals with the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes in various states.

6. **Sixth Schedule (Articles 244(2) and 275(1))**: It provides for autonomous districts and regional councils in certain tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

7. **Seventh Schedule (Article 246)**: It contains three lists:

   - Union List (List I): Subjects on which only the Union government can legislate.

   - State List (List II): Subjects on which only the State governments can legislate.

   - Concurrent List (List III): Subjects on which both the Union and State governments can legislate.

8. **Eighth Schedule (Article 344(1))**: It lists the official languages of India recognized by the Constitution. Initially, there were 14 languages, and now there are 22.

9. **Ninth Schedule (Article 31-B)**: It contains laws that are protected from judicial review on the grounds of violating fundamental rights.

10. **Tenth Schedule (Articles 102(2) and 191(2))**: It deals with the disqualification of Members of Parliament (MPs) and Members of Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) on grounds of defection.

11. **Eleventh Schedule (Article 243W)**: It contains 29 functional items of the Panchayats (local self-government institutions) that are devolved by the States.

12. **Twelfth Schedule (Article 243W)**: It contains 18 functional items of the Municipalities (urban local bodies) that are devolved by the States.

These schedules play a crucial role in providing specific details, allocations, and legal frameworks for various aspects of governance, administration, and rights within the Indian constitutional framework.