List of features adopted from other constitutions.

India's Constitution, while unique in many aspects, does draw inspiration and features from various other countries' legal frameworks. Here are some features with their meanings and origins:

1. **Fundamental Rights:** Modeled after the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution, Fundamental Rights in India ensure civil liberties and equal treatment under the law for its citizens.

2. **Directive Principles of State Policy:** Inspired by the Irish Constitution, these are guidelines for the government to promote social justice, economic welfare, and other ideals. They are not legally enforceable but are meant to influence policy-making.

3. **Parliamentary System:** Borrowed from the United Kingdom, India's parliamentary system includes features like the Council of Ministers, Prime Minister as the head of government, and the President as the head of state.

4. **Judicial Review:** Similar to the United States, Indian courts have the power of judicial review, allowing them to review laws and executive actions to ensure they are in line with the Constitution.

5. **Independence of Judiciary:** Modeled after several countries, including the United States, India's judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches, ensuring impartiality and fairness in legal matters.

6. **Federal Structure:** Inspired by Canada, India's Constitution establishes a federal structure with powers divided between the central government and state governments.

7. **Emergency Provisions:** Modeled after the Weimar Constitution of Germany, India's Constitution includes provisions for declaring national emergencies in times of war, external aggression, or internal disturbance.

8. **Cabinet System:** Adopted from the United Kingdom, India's Cabinet system consists of ministers chosen from the Parliament, headed by the Prime Minister, who is the chief executive.

9. **Single Citizenship:** Inspired by the British model, India follows a single citizenship system where every citizen is a citizen of India as a whole and not of any particular state.

10. **Concurrent List:** Borrowed from Australia, India's Constitution includes a concurrent list that enumerates subjects on which both the central and state governments can legislate.

These features, adapted from various countries, contribute to the diverse and robust legal framework of India's Constitution, reflecting the country's historical, social, and political context.